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Natural gas bans fight rising tide of opposition
Dec 20, 2024
Natural gas bans fight rising tide of opposition

NATURAL GAS: Bans on new natural gas hookups are moving ahead in states including Maryland, Massachusetts, and New York, despite a national wave of resistance to legal prohibitions on the fuel. (E&E News)

CLEAN ENERGY:

TRANSMISSION: The process of approving a much-contested 70-mile transmission line through three Maryland counties could take up to two years as opponents are likely to leave “no stone left unturned” in their attempts to stop the plan. (Baltimore Sun, subscription)

OFFSHORE WIND:

  • A Martha’s Vineyard official asks Massachusetts Gov. Maura Healey to provide an electricity rate subsidy to island residents in exchange for the “sacrifices” they are making in support of offshore wind. (MV Times)
  • A newly renovated pier serving the offshore wind industry in Connecticut will need millions of dollars in repairs to address mistakes made in the original construction process. (CT Mirror)
  • Massachusetts fishing advocates ask lawmakers to reconsider recent offshore wind leases in the Gulf of Maine, saying they threaten fishermen’s livelihoods, local culture, and the security of the seafood supply. (CNHI News)

STORAGE: Some 30 planned battery farms are pending in Connecticut with the potential to add more than 4.3 GW of energy storage capacity to the grid. (Darien Times)

BIOFUEL: Creating sustainable biofuel could be a possible use of kelp grown by Connecticut’s expanding seaweed farming industry, as growers look for more markets for the marine plants. (CT Mirror)

SOLAR: Five new community solar projects come online in Maine, adding to the soaring number of such projects built since the state created a subsidy to boost their development. (Bangor Daily News, subscription)

GEOTHERMAL: Plans to expand a networked geothermal system in Massachusetts and build a new project in Vermont are among five plans splitting $35 million in federal funding for geothermal projects. (Energy News Network)

GRID:

UTILITIES: National Grid agrees to a $1 million settlement for not following proper procedures in the lead-up to natural gas-fueled house explosion in New York last year. (WSYR)

Resistance to gas bans grows — but some still succeed
Dec 20, 2024
Resistance to gas bans grows — but some still succeed

OIL & GAS: Bans on new natural gas hookups are moving ahead in states including Colorado, Massachusetts, and New York, despite recent political and legal setbacks for the policies. (E&E News)

ALSO:

RENEWABLES:

  • For the first time in U.S. history, wind and solar generated more electricity than coal during the first 11 months of 2024, according to data from a clean energy think tank. (Canary Media)
  • U.S. lawmakers from California and Utah introduce legislation that would allow wind and solar development on existing federal oil and gas, coal or geothermal leases. (news release)

GEOTHERMAL: Equity-focused nonprofitscommunity groups in Chicago and BostonMassachusetts are among five recipients receiving a share of $35 million in recently announced federal funding for geothermal projects. (Energy News Network)

ELECTRIC VEHICLES:

WIND:

NUCLEAR: Ohio environmental advocates fear that a bill defining nuclear energy as “green” could be used to water down policies and divert funding from renewable energy projects in the future. (Energy News Network)

COMMENTARY: The increasing economic competitiveness of renewables with fossil fuels has a cleantech entrepreneur feeling optimistic about clean energy development over the next four years. (Canary Media)

Commentary: Ohio should replicate Pennsylvania’s success cutting methane pollution
Dec 17, 2024
Commentary: Ohio should replicate Pennsylvania’s success cutting methane pollution

The following commentary was written by Jesse Velazquez, Climate Justice Manager at the Ohio Environmental Council. See our commentary guidelines for more information.

In his victory speech, President-elect Donald Trump promised to further boost “liquid gold,” also known as oil and gas. Today, oil and gas production is at record highs and continues to grow. As the industry expands, so do concerns about methane pollution.

The primary component of natural gas is methane, a potent greenhouse gas that warms the planet more than 80 times as much as carbon dioxide over 20 years. It’s also a significant contributor to smog and public health issues like asthma and respiratory disease, disproportionately affecting vulnerable communities. Yet, efforts to reduce methane emissions present a rare win-win opportunity: they not only curb pollution but also create jobs and foster innovation.

Take Pennsylvania, one of the largest natural gas producers, for example. By adopting innovative methane mitigation strategies, the state is reducing harmful emissions from oil and gas operations while creating jobs and fostering a cleaner, more sustainable energy future. This balanced approach showcases how economic growth and environmental responsibility can go hand in hand, offering a model that Ohio should replicate.

According to the 2024 State of the Methane Mitigation Industry Report, developing and implementing technologies to cut methane pollution would create jobs ranging from manufacturing leak-detection equipment to technicians skilled in repairing faulty infrastructure. Pennsylvania saw a 22.2% growth in methane mitigation companies over the last three years. Since 2014, the industry has expanded by 65% with the state now hosting 33 methane mitigation companies. In fact, Pennsylvania is now home to 8.5% of the total employee locations in this sector nationwide.

These good-paying, family-sustaining jobs bolster local economies while addressing critical environmental challenges. And the opportunity for Ohio is immense.

The benefits extend far beyond jobs. Reducing methane emissions means less wasted energy. Nationally, oil and gas companies emit enough methane waste annually that could be utilized to meet the energy needs of millions of homes. Capturing the lost gases would translate directly into increased efficiency and cost savings. For a state like Ohio, with its large-scale oil and gas operations, this represents a tangible economic benefit.

This isn’t just about economic gains. Methane mitigation is also a crucial climate strategy. The U.S. EPA’s Section 111 Methane Rule, finalized a year ago, set robust federal standards to limit methane emissions from oil and gas operations. While essential, this rule relies heavily on state-level implementation to achieve its full potential. States like Ohio have a chance to lead by adopting and building on these standards, aligning economic growth with environmental stewardship.

And we know clean air and economic growth are priorities that transcend party lines, as evidenced by the broad coalition of businesses, environmental advocates, and community leaders rallying behind these initiatives.

Ohio is at a crossroads. We can continue business as usual, or we can follow Pennsylvania’s lead, investing in proven technologies and practices that cut emissions, prevent waste, protect public health, and drive economic growth.

By prioritizing methane mitigation, the state can chart a path that aligns with both the nation’s energy ambitions and the pressing need for climate action. This is not just a moral imperative but an economic one that promises cleaner air, healthier communities, and a thriving workforce for generations to come.

Plan to expand airport for private jets runs into new Massachusetts climate law
Dec 18, 2024
Plan to expand airport for private jets runs into new Massachusetts climate law

Massachusetts environmental advocates hope a provision in the state’s new climate law could be a final blow to a proposed expansion of private jet facilities at a suburban airport.

Opponents say adding 500,000 square feet of hangar space at Hanscom Field, a general aviation airport that serves private and corporate aircraft in a town 20 miles outside of Boston, will inevitably mean more flights — mostly private jet travel to luxury locations — which will increase climate pollution with minimal public benefit.

“This is an industry that is highly polluting and yet serves only a very narrow slice of the public,” said Alex Chatfield, a local social worker and an activist fighting the project.

The expansion plans have been in the works since 2021, but progress slowed in June after state regulators rejected the planners’ first environmental impact report. Since then, state lawmakers passed a new law requiring state agencies and boards, including the state port authority, to consider the impact of greenhouse gas emissions in their decisions.

The measure does not directly prohibit the Massachusetts Port Authority from proceeding with projects such as the Hanscom plan, but it does leave the agency vulnerable to legal action should it forge ahead without being able to show it weighed the likely greenhouse gas emissions against the benefits of the plan.

Much-needed hangars

The expansion plan started with Massport, which oversees operations at Hanscom as well as Boston’s Logan International Airport and Worcester Regional Airport. In 2021, the agency released a request for proposals to develop “much-needed hangars” at the airport, said Massport spokesperson Jennifer Mehigan. A plan submitted by North Airfield Ventures and Runway Realty Ventures won the bid.

The proposed facilities would be built on 47 acres of land, some of which is already owned by the developers and some of which would be leased to them by Massport. The project comprises 17 new hangars, the rehabilitation of a historic Navy hangar on the site, and fuel storage facilities.

Planners argue the development would be environmentally beneficial, because the structures would be designed for net-zero energy use and built to LEED Gold standards, and buildings and equipment would be electrified whenever possible. They also claim the additional capacity would help cut down on emissions from so-called “ferry flights,” in which a plane hangared elsewhere flies to Hanscom to pick up passengers and then returns to its home airport at the end of the trip.

Opponents, however, argue that more hangars will inevitably mean more flights. These flights, they say, are likely to be private jet travel to luxury locations, generating emissions for the benefit of just a privileged few. One report, by Washington, D.C.-based Institute for Policy Studies, found that 31,600 private flights departed Hanscom during an 18-month period in 2022 and 2023, and that roughly half of those were bound for high-end vacation destinations like the Bahamas, Palm Beach, and Nantucket.

“It’s very well known that private jets are the most polluting form of transportation per passenger ever devised,” Chatfield said. “It is on a scale that is really hard to imagine.”

State environmental regulators are also skeptical. The state response to the developers’ first environmental impact report, referred to the “fanciful nature of the proponents’ ‘ferry flight theory,’” pointing to a study that found only 132 ferry flights actually occurred at Hanscom rather than the 3,500 developers claimed. Regulators also suggested new hangars at Hanscom were unlikely to attract planes to relocate, and therefore would not reduce what ferry flights do occur.

The developers can resubmit their environmental impact report, addressing the state’s concerns. One of the founders of North Airfield Ventures said the company declines to comment on its plans at this time.

Factoring in climate impacts

In the months since the state’s order was released, legislators created another obstacle for the project.

As Massachusetts attempts to reach its goal of net-zero carbon emissions, an ongoing mundane-yet-important challenge has been the fact that some crucial state agencies and boards have lacked the authority to factor climate impacts in their decisions. These bodies were founded well before the climate crisis became such a pressing public policy question, and thus their rules never required or authorized them to consider greenhouse gas emissions or other climate impacts in their decision-making.

In recent years, attempts have been made to integrate climate change mitigation into more statewide policies and processes. A climate law enacted in 2021 requires the administration to set greenhouse gas reduction goals to be realized by the state’s three-year energy efficiency plans, which were initially intended only to reduce the cost and quantity of electricity, gas, and oil used. The same bill instructed public utilities regulators to consider greenhouse gas impact as part of their decisions.

“The department up to that point had just focused on reliability and affordability,” said state Sen. Michael Barrett, chair of the legislature’s committee on telecommunications, utilities, and energy, and one of the main authors of both the 2021 and 2024 climate bills. “I have wanted to reorient state agencies that don’t seem to have gotten the memo about climate change being an existential crisis.”

The latest bill included more such provisions, authorizing the Board of Building Regulations and Standards to give preference to building materials that boost emissions reductions, and requiring Massport to consider the greenhouse gas impacts of its decisions.

“I hope that Massport appreciates that what is done today on climate is inadequate, and I hope it also appreciates that the policies have changed,” said Barrett. “I don’t pretend to be able to predict particular outcomes on particular projects, but I do know that Massport needs to take this seriously.”

Milwaukee plans to build net-zero modular homes for lower-income residents — but it’s not easy
Dec 11, 2024
Milwaukee plans to build net-zero modular homes for lower-income residents — but it’s not easy

Living in a net-zero home is often a luxury for those who can afford solar panels, state-of-the-art HVAC and other innovations and renovations.

But lower-income people are those who could benefit most from energy cost savings, and those who suffer most from extreme climate. Milwaukee is trying to address this disconnect by building net-zero homes for low-income buyers in partnership with Habitat for Humanity, a marquee project of the city’s 2023 Climate and Equity Plan.

In September, the U.S. Department of Energy announced a $3.4 million grant that will go toward Milwaukee’s construction of 35 homes on vacant lots in disadvantaged neighborhoods and the opening of a factory to make wall panels for net-zero manufactured homes.

City leaders have found the undertaking more challenging than expected, especially on the factory front. But they hope overcoming roadblocks will help create a new local and regional market for energy-efficient, affordable prefabricated homes, while also training a new generation of architects in the sector through partnership with the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee School of Architecture and Urban Planning.

“It remains an ambitious project,” said Milwaukee environmental sustainability director Erick Shambarger. “We’re trying to support equity, climate, new technology, manufacturing. It takes some time, but we’re excited about it and looking forward to making it a success.”

Panelized, prefabricated homes can be built relatively cheaply, but making them highly energy efficient is a different story. A handful of small companies nationwide make the wall panels used in such construction to highly energy-efficient standards, but transporting the panels is expensive and creates greenhouse gas emissions.

The city sought a local manufacturer, but an initial request for proposals yielded no viable candidates. Now the city and UWM professors are working with the Rocky Mountain Institute to convince a qualified company to open a site in Milwaukee to make energy-efficient panelized home components at commercial scale, for both the city and private customers.

“It’s such a great fit for Milwaukee,” said Lucas Toffoli, a principal in RMI’s carbon-free buildings program. “It’s a city that has a very strong blue-collar tradition, so the idea of bringing back some manufacturing, and leveling up the home-building capacity of the city feels very congruent with the spirit of Milwaukee.”

And panelized homes could be a cornerstone of affordable, energy-efficient housing nationwide if the sector was better organized and incentivized, RMI argues — a goal that Milwaukee could help further.

“Local action always drives a message in a way that federal action doesn’t,” Toffoli said. “It will be even more important under the incoming presidential administration and Congress. Having this project getting started at the local level in an important Midwestern city is a way to help ensure that progress continues at some level, even if it’s less of a priority at the federal level.”

Panel problems

Habitat for Humanity builds its own panels in its Milwaukee warehouse, and is working on an energy-efficient panelized design that it hope will yield the first net-zero affordable homes in 2025. Milwaukee has yet to select a developer for the DOE-funded program, but Milwaukee Habitat was a partner in the DOE grant and CEO Brian Sonderman said the organization is hopeful it will be chosen during an RFP process.

Single-family homes are typically “stick built” from the ground up, with 2×4 or similar boards forming a skeleton and then, one by one, walls. Panelized homes involve walls transported intact to the site.

Milwaukee Habitat for Humanity often uses a hybrid method wherein walls are “stick built” laying on their side in the Habitat warehouse, and then brought to the site where volunteers help assemble the new house.

There are various other methods of making panels that don’t involve lumber, UWM Associate Professor Alexander Timmer explained, and making these models highly energy efficient is still an emerging and decentralized field.

“It’s the chicken-or-the-egg problem in some sense,” Timmer said, since component manufacturers don’t know if there’s a market for energy-efficient panelized homes, and developers don’t build the homes because few component suppliers exist.

Wall panels can involve two sheets of plywood with insulation in between, or a steel interior surrounded by rigid insulation, among other models.

“With 2x4s, any small crew can build a home,” said Timmer. “With panelized, you need a factory, specialized tools, specialized knowledge. The hope is we are graduating architects into the market who know these technologies and techniques, and can design them to high energy efficiency standards. The city needs architects and builders who want to do these things and feel comfortable doing them.”

Toffoli touted the benefits of net-zero homes beyond the carbon emissions and utility bill savings.

“There’s less draftiness, greater comfort throughout the whole home,” said Toffoli. “In addition to making the heater run less to warm the air, there’s a big comfort benefit and acoustic benefit,” with little noise or pollutants filtering into the well-sealed home.

“In the middle of a severe Wisconsin winter storm, [if] power goes out for everyone, you have a home that can basically ride through harsh conditions passively much better,” Toffoli added.

Toffoli said examples in Pennsylvania and Massachusetts show panelized, highly energy-efficient homes can be built at costs not much greater than standard market panelized homes. A different design, including thinner studs and more insulation, means less heat or cold is transported from the outside in. Insulation and highly efficient windows cost more than market rate, but smaller appliances can be used because of the efficiency, helping to mitigate the cost increase.

He said mass production of net-zero panelized homes is much more efficient and cost-effective than stick-built energy-efficient homes.

“You don’t need to, every time, find a contractor who understands the proper sequence of control layers for a very high-performance wall,” Toffoli said. “It’s been done in part in a factory where they’re plugging and chugging on a design that’s been validated and repeated.”

The DOE grant includes $1 million for Milwaukee to incentivize construction of the panel factory, $40,000 each toward 25 homes, plus funds for administration and other costs. Shambarger said $40,000 per home will cover the construction cost difference between an affordable home that merely complies with building codes, and one that is net-zero – meeting federal standards with a highly efficient envelope, an electric heat pump and solar panels.

Shambarger noted that the city funding and business will not be enough to motivate a company to build a new factory in Milwaukee.  

“Any company is going to have to have a customer base” beyond the city orders, Shambarger said. “We’ll have to make sure other housing developers like the product that companies have, that it’s cost effective. One of the things we learned the first time around is most of the developers really didn’t understand how to do net-zero energy. We want to make sure the product we select fits within Milwaukee neighborhoods, will work in our climate, has buy-in from the community.”

Local jobs would be created by the factory, which is slated to be in Century City, the neighborhood with the most vacant manufacturing space.

“Overall with the climate and equity plan, we are trying to create good-paying jobs that people want,” Shambarger said. “That often means the trades. One of the things attractive about building housing components in a factory is it offers steady year-round employment, rather than having to go on unemployment for the winter,” as many building tradespeople do.

Creating Habitat

Sonderman said that in the past, Milwaukee Habitat has put solar on some homes, but little else specifically to lower energy costs.

“Clearly if there was a really substantial market for developers who were interested and willing to do this work, the reality is Habitat wouldn’t be the first call,” he said. “It’s something new. One of the things we’re looking forward to is sharing with our Habitat network in the state and other developers and builders, so we build some confidence this can be done efficiently and cost-effectively.”

Net-zero homes are not only a way to fight climate change, but an environmental and economic justice issue in predominantly Black neighborhoods scarred by redlining and disinvestment, where the majority of residents are renters, Sonderman added.

“Even for the individuals who don’t live in that home but live in the neighborhood, it breathes hope, it says that our neighborhood is being invested in,” Sonderman said. “That matters deeply for the residents of Lindsay Heights, Harambee, Midtown and elsewhere. To take a project like this and see it come to fruition has tremendous ripple effect in a positive way.”

Several other Habitat chapters nationwide are building net-zero homes, including in Colorado, Illinois and Oregon.

Milwaukee Habitat is planning to build 34 homes in 2025 and up to 60 homes annually by 2028. Sonderman said they will make as many as possible net-zero.

“We’re not in a capacity to be the full-scale factory [Shambarger] was envisioning,” he said. “But we believe we’ll be able to supply the walls we need to build dozens and dozens of net-zero homes in the future.”

Biden administration bans Powder River Basin coal leasing
Dec 2, 2024
Biden administration bans Powder River Basin coal leasing

COAL: The Biden administration finalizes rules blocking new federal coal leasing in the Powder River Basin, but Wyoming Gov. Mark Gordon says he will work with the incoming Trump administration to overturn the ban. (The Hill, news release)  

OIL & GAS:

SOLAR:

CLEAN ENERGY: A Colorado city considers offering a renewable energy company more than $4 million in tax rebates if it establishes a manufacturing facility locally. (Gazette)

UTILITIES:

  • Southern Colorado residents, local governments and nonprofits urge regulators to reject a utility’s proposed rate hike, saying its customers already have the state’s highest electric bills. (Colorado Sun)
  • Pacific Gas & Electric tells regulators its equipment may have sparked the Sites wildfire that burned more than 19,000 acres in northern California this June. (KQED)
  • A U.S. senator calls on Oregon’s largest utility to justify recent rate increases and to explain how it has spent federal subsidies aimed at reducing ratepayer costs. (OPB)

CLIMATE: Data show Boulder, Colorado has cut its greenhouse gas emissions by 24% over the past six years, with the biggest reductions coming from buildings and transportation. (Boulder Daily Camera)  

BIOFUEL: California advocates push back on a plan to produce fuel pellets from wildfire mitigation work for export to Europe and Asia, saying it would pollute port communities. (Los Angeles Times)

GEOTHERMAL: A Colorado startup proposes a 20 to 80 MW geothermal plant on a private ranch in the western part of the state. (Ouray County Plaindealer)

PUBLIC LANDS: Bureau of Land Management Director Tracy Stone-Manning is named president of an environmental group after tightening rules on public land oil and gas drilling and coal leasing during the Biden administration. (Associated Press)

COMMENTARY: A California columnist says popular bakeries’ opposition helped sink Berkeley’s natural gas-tax ballot measure, and urges the restaurant industry to work together to electrify. (Los Angeles Times)

For 20 years, RGGI has ‘weathered the political winds’
Dec 3, 2024
For 20 years, RGGI has ‘weathered the political winds’

EMISSIONS: The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative offers a model of successful state-led action on decarbonization, and is considering ways to expand participation as President-elect Trump pledges to roll back federal climate policies. (Energy News Network)

ALSO: In its push to go fossil fuel-free by 2050, Harvard University has more than tripled its sustainability fund to $37 million and entered a new renewable energy partnership with other Boston-area institutions. (Inside Climate News)

TRANSMISSION: An $11 billion project intended to bring 3.8 GW of renewable energy to New York City from the upstate area has been canceled with no explanation. (RTO Insider, subscription)

ELECTRIC VEHICLES:

WIND:

  • A federal agency identifies environmental measures it will likely take in a group of six offshore wind lease areas off New York, pushing ahead despite Trump’s claims he will stop offshore wind development. (Maritime Executive)
  • Further development of land-based wind resources in western Massachusetts, home to two existing wind farms, is “extremely unlikely,” say renewable energy experts. (Berkshire Eagle)

GRID: Maryland launches a $15 million grant program aimed at strengthening the state’s “battered” grid and preparing the system to better accommodate clean energy resources. (Utility Dive)

SOLAR: Massachusetts utilities regulators issue two orders that will allow more small solar developments to use net metering and make it easier for multifamily buildings to take advantage of the program. (Fall River Reporter)

BATTERIES:

  • The University of Maryland and the University of Rhode Island are among a national consortium working on how to develop long-lasting batteries using sodium, a more abundant element than the lithium that is widely used today. (Maryland Today)
  • Massachusetts’ attorney general strikes down a town bylaw that attempted to put stringent restrictions on the development of battery storage facilities. (Daily Hampshire Gazette)
  • Residents of a Connecticut town object to plans for a nearly 5 MW battery storage development, citing fears of a possible fire. (Greenwich Time)

AFFORDABILITY: A new report finds that 100,000 Maine households have trouble paying their energy bills, in part because of competitive suppliers charging more than public utilities. (Maine Morning Star)

Wisconsin coal plant closure delayed again
Dec 5, 2024
Wisconsin coal plant closure delayed again

COAL: The utilities that co-own a large Wisconsin coal plant delay the facility’s closure for a second time, now planning to shutter the 1,100 MW plant in 2029, allowing time to explore a conversion to natural gas. (Wisconsin Public Radio)

ALSO: A central Illinois coal mine is shutting down after the city of Springfield chose a cheaper supplier for its power plant. (Illinois Times)

GRID:

  • Renewable energy developers say PJM’s proposal to fast-track the interconnection process for shovel-ready projects is a “blatant attempt” to benefit utilities that want to serve surging data center load. (Utility Dive)
  • Consumer advocates in Illinois and Ohio are also pushing back against the plan that would prioritize natural gas projects, saying PJM has historically overestimated load growth. (E&E News)

CLEAN ENERGY: The U.S. Energy Department office that has approved nearly $55 billion in loans to help clean energy companies scale up is racing to get “dollars out the door” before the Trump administration potentially halts the program. (Canary Media)

PIPELINES: The proposed Summit Carbon Pipeline sparks a backlash in Upper Midwest farm country against “industrial climate solutions” fueled by oil and agricultural interests and federal tax credits. (Drilled)

BIOFUELS: Biofuel advocates and lawmakers are urging the Biden administration to issue guidance on a tax credit for sustainable aviation fuel to end uncertainty for producers. (Iowa Capital Dispatch)

ELECTRIC VEHICLES:

  • Analysts and experts say utilities should scale up time-of-use rates and other programs to help manage load growth from electric vehicles before major investments in distribution infrastructure. (Utility Dive)
  • Ford Motor Co. reportedly plans to build an EV plant in Indonesia, the world’s largest producer of nickel, as it cuts jobs in Europe and loses market share in China. (Elektrek)
  • Nearly 15,000 electric vehicles have been registered in Iowa since 2020 as the state’s EV adoption steadily grows. (Cedar Rapids Gazette)

SOLAR: A manufacturer donates 2,000 solar modules to a Native-led nonprofit that will deliver nearly 1 MW of power to Midwestern tribes. (news release)

EFFICIENCY: Illinois issues $285,000 in grants to local governments to support climate action plans as well as efficiency audits and upgrades. (CBS Chicago)

As climate focus shifts to states, East Coast partnership offers model for multi-state collaboration
Dec 3, 2024
As climate focus shifts to states, East Coast partnership offers model for multi-state collaboration

A trailblazing regional greenhouse gas partnership on the East Coast is considering possible changes or expansion that would allow it to keep building on its success — and the stakes grew higher last month with the reelection of Donald Trump.

The 11-state Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative, established in 2005, is the country’s first regional cap-and-invest system for reducing carbon emissions from power generation. Since 2021, administrators have been conducting a program review, analyzing its performance since the last review in 2017 and weighing potential adjustments to make sure it continues to deliver benefits to member states.

The role of such programs is more crucial as Trump’s pledges to roll back federal climate action leaves it up to cities, states, and the private sector to maintain the country’s momentum on clean energy over the next four years. In RGGI, as the regional initiative is known, states have a potential model for scaling their impact through collaboration.

“RGGI has not only been an effective climate policy, it’s been an extraordinary example of how states can work together on common goals,” said Daniel Sosland, president of climate and energy nonprofit Acadia Center. “It is a major vehicle for climate policy now in the states, more than it might have seemed before the election.”

How RGGI works

RGGI sets a cap for total power plant carbon emissions among member states. Individual generators must then buy allowances from the state, up to the total cap, for each ton of carbon dioxide they produce in a year. The cap lowers over time, forcing power plants to either reduce emissions or pay more to buy allowances from a shrinking pool.

States then reinvest the proceeds from these auctions into programs that further reduce emissions and help energy customers, including energy efficiency initiatives, direct bill assistance, and renewable energy projects. Since 2008, RGGI has generated $8.3 billion for participating states, and carbon dioxide emissions from power generation in the nine states that have consistently participated fell by about half between 2008 and 2021, a considerably faster rate than the rest of the country.

“It has really thrived and been really effective across multiple administrations,” said Jackson Morris, state power sector director with the Natural Resources Defense Council. “RGGI is a winning model. It’s not theoretical — we’ve got numbers.”

Currently, Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont are part of the program. Virginia joined RGGI in 2021, but in 2023 Gov. Glenn Youngkin repealed the state’s participation, a move immediately challenged in court; a judge ruled last month that the governor lacked the authority to withdraw the state from initiative, though a spokesman for the governor has declared the state’s intention to appeal.

There is widespread agreement that RGGI will endure despite likely federal hostility to climate measures. There was no attempt to take direct action against it during Trump’s first term, nor has there been any concerted industry opposition, said Conservation Law Foundation president Bradley Campbell, who was involved in the founding of RGGI when he was commissioner of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection.

Supporters also note that the program has historically had broad bipartisan support: Participating states have been led through the years by both Republican and Democratic governors and legislatures.

Politics has had some influence over the years, though only at the margins. New Jersey, a founding member of RGGI, left in 2011 when Chris Christie was governor, but returned in 2020 following an executive order from his successor. Pennsylvania joined in 2022 through an executive order from the governor, but its participation is now being challenged in court.

Still, RGGI’s foundations are solid and will remain so, experts said.

“The basic infrastructure has weathered the political winds over the decades,” Campbell said.

Looking forward

Nonetheless, RGGI will need to make some carefully thought-out program design decisions during its current review to make an impact in the face of falling federal support for decarbonization.

One question under consideration is whether to maintain the existing trajectory for the overall emissions cap for the program — a reduction of 30% between 2020 and 2030, then holding steady thereafter — or to continue lowering the limit after 2030.

The RGGI states are also contemplating a possible change to the compliance schedule that would require power generators to acquire allowances worth 100% of their carbon emissions each year, and certify compliance annually. The current system calls for certification every three years, and only mandates allowances equivalent to half of carbon emissions for the first two years of each period.

The program is looking for ways to appeal to potential new participant states that have less aggressive decarbonization goals than current member states without watering down the program’s overall impact on decarbonization, said Acadia Center policy analyst Paola Tamayo. Acadia suggested possible program mechanisms such as giving proportionately more allowances to states with more stringent emissions targets to incentivize tighter limits.

“At this point it is critical for states to maintain a high level of ambition when it comes to programs like RGGI,” Tamayo said. “There are different mechanisms that they can implement to accommodate other states.”

The program review is expected to yield a model rule some time over the winter, though updates may be made into the spring as the RGGI states receive and consider feedback on how to accommodate potential new participants.  

States will also need to maintain and strengthen their own climate policies to magnify the impact of RGGI, Campbell said. He pointed to Massachusetts, where Gov. Maura Healey needs to show “bolder leadership,” he said, and Maine and Vermont, where the Conservation Law Foundation has filed lawsuits in an attempt to compel the states to meet their own carbon reduction deadlines.

“It’s especially important that the states that have strong emissions reduction mandates speed up the implementation of their climate laws,” he said. “State leadership on these issues is going to be more important than ever.”

Oregon regulators vote to reinstate landmark climate plan
Nov 22, 2024
Oregon regulators vote to reinstate landmark climate plan

CLIMATE: Oregon regulators vote to reinstate the state’s landmark climate plan aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions after a court invalidated the 2021 program over a technicality. (Oregon Capital Chronicle)

ALSO: A western Colorado city seeks public input on its proposed energy and climate resilience action plan. (Post-Independent)

OIL & GAS: Federal regulators charge Phillips 66 with violating environmental laws for allegedly discharging hundreds of thousands of gallons of industrial waste from its Los Angeles-area refinery into county sewer systems. (Mercury News)

UTILITIES:

WIND: U.S. Sen. James Risch, an Idaho Republican, says he will work with the incoming Trump administration to kill the controversial proposed Lava Ridge wind facility on federal land in the southern part of the state. (E&E News, subscription)

SOLAR:

STORAGE:

TRANSITION: Northwestern New Mexico officials advance a proposed freight rail line aimed at spurring industrial development in the wake of a coal plant’s 2022 retirement. (Albuquerque Journal)

ELECTRIC VEHICLES: A Nevada city brings an electric vehicle charging system online to power its police and municipal fleets. (news release)

COMMENTARY: California regulators say their agency’s recent tweaks to the state’s low carbon fuel standards inadvertently incentivize “pollution-heavy practices over sustainable, low-impact solutions.”(Los Angeles Times)

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